About 1,700 years ago, Ge Hong's Zhouhou Beiji Fang from the Eastern Jin dynasty provided the earliest known record of treating disease with clarified human fecal suspension.

Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica from the Ming dynasty also recorded more than twenty therapies using human feces.

The first Western report described FMT for pseudomembranous colitis.

Bennet et al. published the first report in The Lancet on FMT for ulcerative colitis.

FMT was named one of the top ten advances in gastroenterology in 2012, and Hamilton et al. published the first report of FMT for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.

A key medical milestone: FMT was incorporated into FDA guidance, and Science and Time named it one of the top ten breakthroughs in biomedicine.

FMT was ranked the top medical innovation of the year by Cleveland Clinic.

The Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease was approved by the Guangzhou Municipal Development and Reform Commission and assigned an official billing code.

The Regulations on the Clinical Application of New Biomedical Technologies classified microbiota transplantation as a medium- to low-risk new biomedical technology.

The Chinese Expert Consensus on the Establishment and Clinical Application of Standardized Microbiota Transplantation Methodology was published.

The Shanghai Technical Management Specification for Microbiota Transplantation was issued, and billing codes were available in 14 provinces.

The Institute of Hospital Administration of the National Health Commission issued the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application and Management of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation. Shanghai officially approved a billing code for intestinal microbiota transplantation, marking the nationwide start of standardized industry management.

The National Health Commission, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and National Disease Control and Prevention Administration jointly issued the National Technical Specifications for Medical Service Items (2023 Edition). Intestinal microbiota transplantation was formally incorporated into the national medical-service specification system, and 18 provinces and municipalities had issued institutional billing codes for the technology.

Drafting of China's first national standard for intestinal microbiota transplantation was officially launched during the China International Import Expo. The Chinese Expert Consensus on Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2024 Edition) was published, extending clinical applications from intestinal diseases to neurodevelopmental disorders.

The National Healthcare Security Administration issued the Guidelines for Establishing Medical Service Price Items for the Digestive System (Trial), incorporating an intestinal microbiota transplantation fee into the unified national medical-service pricing framework. The Chinese Expert Consensus on the Clinical Management and Application of Adult Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation (2025 Edition) was also published, and billing-code coverage expanded to 21 provinces and municipalities.

State Council Order No. 818, the Regulations on the Clinical Research and Translational Application of New Biomedical Technologies, took effect. It clarified that conventional FMT using healthy donors and physical separation and extraction is outside the scope of the regulations and is recognized as a mature, routinely provided microbiota transplantation technology that compliant medical institutions nationwide may offer and bill for as a standard service.